レモン皮の「揮発性」主成分 (リモネン) はPAK遮断剤！ 美白/抗癌作用やCOVID 肺炎の予防に役立つ オランダはっかの主成分 (Carveol) はリモネンの水酸化物"非揮発性" 誘導体を開発できれば、作用が持続する！

目下、我が家の庭にあるレモンの木が鈴なりになっているので、道行く隣人たちに、 無料のレモンを、健康長寿のために、提供中。 実は、健康長寿の素 (リモネン) は、主に、レモンの果実ではなく、「表皮」にある。
References:
1. F Yang , R Chen , WY Li, et al (2021). D-Limonene Is a Potential Monoterpene to Inhibit PI3K/Akt/IKK-α/NF-κB p65 Signaling Pathway in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne).;8: 591830.
2. Yang J, Lee SY, Jang SK, et al (2023). Inhibition of Melanogenesis by Essential Oils from the Citrus Cultivars Peels. Int J Mol Sci.;24: 4207.

"Carveol" is a colorless fluid soluble in oils, but insoluble in water and has an odor and flavor that resemble those of "spearmint and caraway". It exhibits anti-cancer and anti-AD activity etc.
Interestingly, (-)-trans-Carveol glucoside is a natural “non-volatile” (and water-soluble) derivative of Carveol from a Korean mint, and is potentially useful for therapy of a variety of PAK1-dependent diseases such as AD, seizure and cancers.
Generally speaking, glucosides are prodrugs, and once digested by glucosidases in our body, the rest (aromatic groups) will enter target cells freely.