Life Sci. 2020 Mar
23:117583.
Zhang R, Wang X, Ni
L, Di X, Ma B, Niu S, Liu C1, Reiter RJ2#
1.Peking Union
Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Beijing, China. liucw@vip.sina.com
2.UT Health San
Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. reiter@uthscsa.edu
Abstract
This article
summarizes the likely benefits of melatonin in the attenuation of COVID-19
based on its putative pathogenesis. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has become
a pandemic with tens of thousands of infected patients. Based on clinical
features, pathology, the pathogenesis of acute respiratory disorder induced by
either highly homogenous coronaviruses or other pathogens, the evidence
suggests that excessive inflammation, oxidation, and an exaggerated immune
response very likely contribute to COVID-19 pathology. This leads to a cytokine
storm and subsequent progression to acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS) and often death.
Melatonin, a well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative molecule, is protective against ALI/ARDS caused by viral and other pathogens. Melatonin is effective in critical care patients by reducing vessel permeability, anxiety, sedation use, and improving sleeping quality, which might also be beneficial for better clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Notably, melatonin has a high safety profile. There is significant data showing that melatonin limits virus-related diseases and would also likely be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. Additional experiments and clinical studies are required to confirm this speculation.
PAK1-blockers: Potential Therapeutics against COVID-19.
Medicine in Drug Discovery, April 19.
Melatonin, a well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative molecule, is protective against ALI/ARDS caused by viral and other pathogens. Melatonin is effective in critical care patients by reducing vessel permeability, anxiety, sedation use, and improving sleeping quality, which might also be beneficial for better clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Notably, melatonin has a high safety profile. There is significant data showing that melatonin limits virus-related diseases and would also likely be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. Additional experiments and clinical studies are required to confirm this speculation.
For detail, click the PubMed site below:
#Prof. Russel Reiter
is the world-leading expert in melatonin research.
Maruta H and He H (2020).PAK1-blockers: Potential Therapeutics against COVID-19.
Medicine in Drug Discovery, April 19.
Melatonin, a serotonin derivative from pineal
glands was first recognized as an anti-melanogenic hormone by Aaron Lerner at
Yale University in 1953 (Reiter and Robinson, 1995). A few years ago, we found
that melanogenesis in fact depends on PAK1 (Be Tu et al, 2017). Melatonin shares
a wide variety of other anti-PAK1 activities such as anti-cancer, immune
stimulative, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, analgestic, sleepy etc. Thus,
it is almost certain that melatonin, a popular sleeping pill for jet-lag
treatment, could be very useful for the treatment of coronaviral infection as
well.
Since its specific “vaccine”
preparation takes 12-18 months, clearly we need to identify so-called “fast track” broad-spectrum
chemotherapeutics (readily available in the market) for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic.
So far at least two PAK1-blockers, anti-malaria "HQ" (hydroxy-chloroquine) and "Nobel-winning”
Ivermectin were recently proven to block the COVID-19 infection in cell
culture: https://www.smh.com.au/national/australian-scientists-discover-head-lice-drug-kills-coronavirus-in-lab-20200404-p54h15.html
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